I should note that my friend believes the Bible to be 100% compatible with science. So when he referred to "true science that leads one to believe that the universe is intelligently designed", you should understand the phrase in that light. For him, "true science" means "biblical science".
I responded as follows:
If you have a beef with cosmology, take it up with cosmologists. If you disagree with the claims of biology, then, by all means, engage with biologists. Ditto, the laws of physics. But once and for all, can we please stop glomming on to atheism all these unrelated notions?
Throughout history, humans have worshipped thousands, perhaps millions of different gods. You, friend,
Why don't you believe in those gods? Well, largely because neither you nor anybody else remembers anything about them. But do you feel some responsibility to seriously study every one of their claims before you definitely reject them? I would be surprised if you did. You have too much sense for that. If one of these gods comes up in conversation, such as Zeus or Quetzalcoatl or Hanuman the monkey god, I imagine you place it in the same cognitive bucket as all the rest -- the "Mythical Creations Of The Human Imagination For Which There Is No Evidence" bucket.
Because of this, if you were to suddenly travel to the time and place where one of these gods was worshipped, obeyed, and sacrificed or murdered for, you would be considered an outcast or a heretic or an infidel for your heathen unbelief. You would be considered that most maligned of beings, An Atheist.
The people you dismiss, deride and mock for their unbelief in the God that you worship are exactly the same as you, except they have one more drop in their "Mythical Creations Of The Human Imagination For Which There Is No Evidence" bucket. That is all an atheist is, nothing more or less.
And regarding your equating the term "true science" to things found in the Bible, I must ask you to desist. You're only embarrassing yourself. There was an entire civilization that believed the notion that the universe was created by the epic ejaculation of a deity. Otherwise rational people killed or died in defense of this notion. Your claim that the bible contains "true science" is exactly equivalent to that civilization's beliefs.
This is not a question of which God is right. That is an unanswerable question and one for which millions have suffered torture and death because they have had the wrong opinion.
It is rather a question of epistemology. That is, which method we use for deciding what is Truth. I know you don't like that word, but it's the best one we have. It is the question that asks "should we form conclusions based on verifiable, testable, falsifiable facts and evidence" or "should we form our conclusion first and then choose or make the facts fit the conclusion"?
The former has given us every technological advance we enjoy in this world. The latter has given us millennia of war and bloodshed. So please, stop labeling people as ignorant or stubborn or evil who think the former is superior to the latter.